Wealthtech and investment apps report
AI visibility and ranking report
- Industry
- Financial technology
- Sub-industry
- Wealthtech and investment apps
- Country
- India
- Published
- Q3-CY26
- Categories
- 5
- Questions
- 25
- Citations
- 375
- Domains
- 162
Disclaimer: This is original research data created using AI simulations, so treat it as an opinion piece rather than a statement of fact. AI models can make mistakes, and the figures here reflect what engines returned on the run date. Do your own research before you make any decision based on it.
Executive summary
AI answer engines now stand between an Indian investor and the app they open an account with. We ran 25 questions across five wealthtech categories with live web search, then recorded every brand named and every source cited. The run produced 375 citations from 162 domains.
Groww leads on 64.0 percent and Zerodha follows on 63.2 percent, the closest top two in this series. SEBI ranks third at 36.8 percent. Two brands and the regulator take almost everything worth having.
The sources are spread thin. Those 375 citations came from 162 domains and 95 were cited once. Groww's own site leads with 19 citations, just five percent, so no publisher owns this answer space.
Top 10 brands by AI visibility score
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Groww | Discount broker | 64.0% | |
| 2 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 63.2% | |
| 3 | SEBI | Regulator | 36.8% | |
| 4 | Angel One | Discount broker | 24.0% | |
| 5 | Upstox | Discount broker | 16.0% | |
| 6 | CDSL | Depository | 8.8% | |
| 7 | NSE | Stock exchange | 8.0% | |
| 8 | Income Tax Dept | Tax authority | 8.0% | |
| 9 | ICICI Direct | Full service broker | 8.0% | |
| 10 | INDmoney | Investment app | 5.6% |
Visibility score method: each question ranks five entities. Rank one earns 1.00 point, rank two 0.80, down to 0.20 for rank five. Scores are totalled across 25 questions and divided by 25. Every entity named is ranked, whatever its type.
Type shows what kind of organisation each entity is. AI engines name the regulator, exchanges, depositories, registrars and dispute portals alongside the apps themselves. All of them are ranked here, because all of them take up space in the answer.
Top 25 cited domains
No publisher owns this market. Groww's site leads with 19 citations, Bajaj Finserv follows on 15, and Zerodha's support pages and Angel One take 12 each. Below the top ten the list falls away fast.
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | 19 | 5.1% | |
| 2 | bajajfinserv.in | 15 | 4.0% | |
| 3 | angelone.in | 12 | 3.2% | |
| 4 | support.zerodha.com | 12 | 3.2% | |
| 5 | chittorgarh.com | 11 | 2.9% | |
| 6 | indiainfoline.com | 11 | 2.9% | |
| 7 | select.finology.in | 9 | 2.4% | |
| 8 | investorgain.com | 8 | 2.1% | |
| 9 | icicidirect.com | 7 | 1.9% | |
| 10 | upstox.com | 7 | 1.9% | |
| 11 | bajajbroking.in | 6 | 1.6% | |
| 12 | hdfcsky.com | 6 | 1.6% | |
| 13 | indmoney.com | 6 | 1.6% | |
| 14 | 5paisa.com | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 15 | hdfcfund.com | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 16 | icici.bank.in | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 17 | investingpro.in | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 18 | lemonn.co.in | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 19 | pocketful.in | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 20 | zerodha.com | 5 | 1.3% | |
| 21 | decentro.tech | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 22 | kotakneo.com | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 23 | motilaloswal.com | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 24 | nseindia.com | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 25 | adigitalblogger.com | 3 | 0.8% |
Categories and why we chose them
These five categories follow an investor from choosing an app to closing the account. Each one drives real search demand, carries commercial value for the platforms, and forces an answer engine to name specific brands rather than give general advice.
| # | Category name | Reason for selection |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Choosing an investment app | This is where an investor picks a platform, and a demat account is rarely moved once opened. Every question returns a ranked brand list, so a place on that list is worth years of brokerage from a single signup. |
| 2 | Charges, fees and taxes | Cost decides which app an investor keeps, and tax decides what they actually take home. These questions cover brokerage, maintenance charges, capital gains and hidden fees, so they pull in the regulator and the tax authority. |
| 3 | Opening an account and KYC | An investor who cannot finish KYC never places a trade. These questions cover documents, verification time, PAN rules, NRI accounts and mutual fund KYC, and the platform with the clearest checklist wins the account. |
| 4 | Investing in funds, stocks and gold | This is the product itself, and the questions are the highest volume searches in the set. They cover starting a SIP, buying stocks, digital gold, US stocks and how little money it takes to begin. |
| 5 | Safety, withdrawals and problems | This is where an investor searches when they are worried about their money. The answers decide whether a platform looks safe, and it is the category where the regulator, the depositories and the exchanges outrank the apps. |
Category 1 of 5
Choosing an investment app
This category covers picking a platform. The five questions ask for the best investment app, Groww against Zerodha, the best app for mutual funds, the lowest brokerage, and the best option for a beginner.
Top 5 brands
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Groww | Discount broker | 88.0% | |
| 2 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 88.0% | |
| 3 | Upstox | Discount broker | 36.0% | |
| 4 | Angel One | Discount broker | 32.0% | |
| 5 | Kuvera | Mutual fund app | 16.0% |
Top 10 cited domains
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | investorgain.com | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 2 | chittorgarh.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 3 | select.finology.in | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 4 | 5paisa.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 5 | bajajfinserv.in | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 6 | decentro.tech | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 7 | equentis.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 8 | jaroeducation.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 9 | lemonn.co.in | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | lendenclub.com | 2 | 2.7% |
Question level summary
| # | Question | Top 5 brands | Top 5 citation domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Which is the best investment app in India? |
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| 1.2 | Is Groww or Zerodha better in India? |
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| 1.3 | Which app is best for mutual funds in India? |
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| 1.4 | Which trading app has the lowest brokerage in India? |
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| 1.5 | Which is the best investment app for beginners in India? |
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Question 1.1
Which is the best investment app in India?
A listicle question, and not one of the top five sources is a broker. Groww takes rank one across the lists, and the sites answering are a gadget magazine, a bond marketplace and a clutch of small blogs.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Upstox
- Rank 4Angel One
- Rank 5Paytm Money
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | top10-best.com | https://top10-best.com/education/top-10-best-investment-apps-in-india/ | Click here |
| 2 | esquireindia.co.in | https://www.esquireindia.co.in/tech-and-auto/gadgets/the-best-investment-apps-in-india-ranked | Click here |
| 3 | investingpro.in | https://www.investingpro.in/articles/best-apps-for-stock-trading-in-india-2026-features-charges-and-reviews | Click here |
| 4 | indiabonds.com | https://www.indiabonds.com/kuchbhi/best-investment-app-in-india/ | Click here |
| 5 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/investment-app | Click here |
| 6 | jaroeducation.com | https://www.jaroeducation.com/blog/best-trading-apps-india | Click here |
| 7 | zartek.in | https://www.zartek.in/best-apps-in-india-to-start-investing/ | Click here |
| 8 | themoneyjournal.in | https://themoneyjournal.in/article/best-investment-apps-in-india-2026-complete-comparison-guide | Click here |
| 9 | univest.in | https://univest.in/blogs/best-stock-advisor-app-in-india | Click here |
| 10 | equentis.com | https://www.equentis.com/blog/top-10-best-trading-apps/ | Click here |
| 11 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/compare/angel-one-vs-zerodha-vs-groww/14/18/47/ | Click here |
| 12 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/broker/compare/angel-one/upstox/groww | Click here |
| 13 | gocredit.money | https://gocredit.money/blog/best-investment-apps-india-2026 | Click here |
| 14 | blinkmoney.in | https://blinkmoney.in/blogs/best-low-cost-investment-apps-in-india-2026 | Click here |
| 15 | csnr.in | https://csnr.in/zerodha-vs-groww-vs-upstox-vs-angel-one-which-investing-app-should-indians-use-in-2026/ | Click here |
Question 1.2
Is Groww or Zerodha better in India?
A head to head, and Zerodha edges it. Two of the fifteen sources are news reports on NSE active client data, which is the only hard evidence in an otherwise opinion driven answer. The rest are comparison sites.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Zerodha
- Rank 2Groww
- Rank 3Angel One
- Rank 4SEBI
- Rank 5NSE
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/comparebroker/zerodha-vs-groww/18/173/ | Click here |
| 2 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/compare-share-broker-india/zerodha-vs-groww/18/47/ | Click here |
| 3 | tradingsmartedge.com | https://tradingsmartedge.com/groww-vs-zerodha-comparison/ | Click here |
| 4 | ipocentral.in | https://ipocentral.in/groww-vs-zerodha-find-the-best-stock-broker-india/ | Click here |
| 5 | techresearchonline.com | https://techresearchonline.com/blog/zerodha-vs-groww-investment-app-comparison/ | Click here |
| 6 | tradingcritique.com | https://tradingcritique.com/broker-review/groww-vs-zerodha-broker-comparison/ | Click here |
| 7 | 5paisa.com | https://www.5paisa.com/blog/zerodha-vs-groww-mutual-fund-which-mutual-fund-house-is-better-for-you | Click here |
| 8 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/zerodha-vs-groww-mutual-fund | Click here |
| 9 | adigitalblogger.com | https://www.adigitalblogger.com/groww-vs-zerodha/ | Click here |
| 10 | brokerage-free.in | https://brokerage-free.in/blogs/articles/the-smart-investors-guide-choosing-between-zerodha-and-groww | Click here |
| 11 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/broker/brokerage-comparison/zerodha/groww | Click here |
| 12 | vrdnation.com | https://www.vrdnation.com/zerodha-vs-groww/ | Click here |
| 13 | paisatech.in | https://paisatech.in/zerodha-vs-groww-for-beginners/ | Click here |
| 14 | business-standard.com | https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/nse-active-clients-see-21-rise-in-fy25-groww-cements-lead-with-36-growth-125041100286_1.html | Click here |
| 15 | entrackr.com | https://entrackr.com/news/groww-expands-stock-broking-lead-in-dec-2025-zerodha-and-angel-one-lose-clients-10984014 | Click here |
Question 1.3
Which app is best for mutual funds in India?
Mutual funds bring a different field. Kuvera, ET Money and INDmoney rank third, fourth and fifth, three apps that barely register elsewhere in the report, and Forbes takes the top citation.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Kuvera
- Rank 4ET Money
- Rank 5INDmoney
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forbes.com | https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/investing/best-mutual-fund-app/ | Click here |
| 2 | rupeezy.in | https://rupeezy.in/blog/best-mutual-fund-app | Click here |
| 3 | 5paisa.com | https://www.5paisa.com/blog/best-mutual-fund-apps-in-india | Click here |
| 4 | decentro.tech | https://decentro.tech/blog/mutual-fund-investment-apps/ | Click here |
| 5 | brokersanalysis.com | https://brokersanalysis.com/blog/best-mutual-fund-apps-in-india | Click here |
| 6 | tradebrains.in | https://tradebrains.in/best-mutual-fund-apps/ | Click here |
| 7 | fisdom.com | https://www.fisdom.com/best-mutual-fund-apps/ | Click here |
| 8 | invezz.com | https://invezz.com/in/invest/best-mutual-fund-apps-in-india/ | Click here |
| 9 | onlinenifm.com | https://www.onlinenifm.com/blog/post/275/stock-market/how-to-find-the-best-app-for-mutual-fund-investment | Click here |
| 10 | wibest.in | https://wibest.in/blog/best-mutual-fund-app-india/ | Click here |
| 11 | pocketful.in | https://www.pocketful.in/blog/mutual-funds/best-apps-for-sip-investment-in-india/ | Click here |
| 12 | lendenclub.com | https://www.lendenclub.com/blog/best-app-for-sip/ | Click here |
| 13 | myrupaya.in | https://www.myrupaya.in/post/top-3-mutual-fund-investment-apps-et-money-groww-kuvera | Click here |
| 14 | freepressjournal.in | https://www.freepressjournal.in/focused-view/best-platforms-to-invest-in-mutual-funds-in-india-2026 | Click here |
| 15 | zfunds.in | https://zfunds.in/m/best-mutual-fund-app | Click here |
Question 1.4
Which trading app has the lowest brokerage in India?
A price question, and it rewards the challenger. Dhan and 5paisa rank fourth and fifth on cost alone. Note that Zerodha is free on equity delivery while Groww charges the lower of twenty rupees or one tenth of a percent.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Zerodha
- Rank 2Upstox
- Rank 3Groww
- Rank 4Dhan
- Rank 55paisa
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tradebrains.in | https://tradebrains.in/money/7-lowest-brokerage-platforms-apps-in-india-2026-compare-fees-amc-and-hidden-charges/ | Click here |
| 2 | pocketful.in | https://www.pocketful.in/blog/trading/lowest-brokerage-charges-for-online-trading-apps/ | Click here |
| 3 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/report/top_10_discount_brokers_in_india_by_clients_at_nse/3/?year=2026 | Click here |
| 4 | knowyourbrokerage.in | https://knowyourbrokerage.in/lowest-brokerage-charges-in-india | Click here |
| 5 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/lowest-brokerage-charges-in-india | Click here |
| 6 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/report/zero-brokerage-free-delivery-trading-accounts-in-india/425/ | Click here |
| 7 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/report/free-equity-delivery-commission-free-stock-trading/56/ | Click here |
| 8 | thesharebrokers.com | https://thesharebrokers.com/report/lowest-brokerage-charges-india/ | Click here |
| 9 | thebeststockbroker.com | https://www.thebeststockbroker.com/lowest-brokerage-charges-in-india/ | Click here |
| 10 | papertradingapp.com | https://papertradingapp.com/lowest-brokerage-charges-in-india/ | Click here |
| 11 | stockviz.in | https://www.stockviz.in/brokers.html | Click here |
| 12 | lemonn.co.in | https://lemonn.co.in/blog/finance/lowest-brokerage-broker-india/ | Click here |
| 13 | moneypundit.in | https://moneypundit.in/zerodha-vs-groww-vs-angel-one-2026-comparison/ | Click here |
| 14 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/report/best-brokers-for-options-trading-in-india/437/ | Click here |
| 15 | choiceindia.com | https://choiceindia.com/brokerage-charges | Click here |
Question 1.5
Which is the best investment app for beginners in India?
A beginner question answered almost entirely by content marketing. Most of the fifteen sources are blogs with no broking licence, and one is a general purpose publishing platform, yet the brand order matches the market.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Angel One
- Rank 4Upstox
- Rank 5Kuvera
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | equentis.com | https://www.equentis.com/blog/top-10-stock-market-apps-in-india/ | Click here |
| 2 | zokera.com | https://zokera.com/blog/top-investment-apps-in-india-for-beginners | Click here |
| 3 | businessmediaint.com | https://www.businessmediaint.com/investing/best-investment-apps-for-beginners | Click here |
| 4 | lendenclub.com | https://www.lendenclub.com/blog/best-trading-apps/ | Click here |
| 5 | jaroeducation.com | https://www.jaroeducation.com/blog/best-trading-apps-india | Click here |
| 6 | vocal.media | https://vocal.media/trader/best-investment-apps-in-india-the-beginner-s-guide-to-smart-investing | Click here |
| 7 | zartek.in | https://www.zartek.in/best-apps-in-india-to-start-investing/ | Click here |
| 8 | pacefin.in | https://www.pacefin.in/best-trading-apps | Click here |
| 9 | lemonn.co.in | https://lemonn.co.in/blog/finance/best-investment-apps-in-india-for-beginners/ | Click here |
| 10 | valueeducator.com | https://valueeducator.com/stock-market-basics/best-stock-market-apps-india-2026 | Click here |
| 11 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/articles/broker/best-demat-account-in-india | Click here |
| 12 | rupeezy.in | https://rupeezy.in/blog/best-demat-account-in-india | Click here |
| 13 | paisatech.in | https://paisatech.in/best-demat-account-for-beginners-india/ | Click here |
| 14 | mnclgroup.com | https://www.mnclgroup.com/best-demat-account-for-beginners-in-india-step-by-step-guide | Click here |
| 15 | decentro.tech | https://decentro.tech/blog/mutual-fund-investment-apps/ | Click here |
Category 2 of 5
Charges, fees and taxes
This category covers what investing costs. The five questions ask about Zerodha and Groww charges, tax on mutual fund returns, demat maintenance charges, tax on stock profits, and whether there are hidden fees.
Top 5 brands
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 80.0% | |
| 2 | Groww | Discount broker | 76.0% | |
| 3 | SEBI | Regulator | 44.0% | |
| 4 | Income Tax Dept | Tax authority | 40.0% | |
| 5 | NSE | Stock exchange | 16.0% |
Top 10 cited domains
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bajajfinserv.in | 5 | 6.7% | |
| 2 | groww.in | 5 | 6.7% | |
| 3 | zerodha.com | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 4 | chittorgarh.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 5 | adigitalblogger.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 6 | bajajamc.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 7 | blinkx.in | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 8 | comparesharebrokers.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 9 | investingpro.in | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | investorgain.com | 2 | 2.7% |
Question level summary
| # | Question | Top 5 brands | Top 5 citation domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1 | What are the charges on Zerodha and Groww in India? |
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| 2.2 | What is the tax on mutual fund returns in India? |
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| 2.3 | What are the demat account annual maintenance charges in India? |
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| 2.4 | How much tax do I pay on stock market profits in India? |
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| 2.5 | Are there any hidden charges on investment apps in India? |
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Question 2.1
What are the charges on Zerodha and Groww in India?
A pricing question the brokers should own, and they do rank one and two, but the sources belong to comparison sites. Chittorgarh takes three of the fifteen citations, more than either broker manages on its own pages.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Zerodha
- Rank 2Groww
- Rank 3SEBI
- Rank 4NSE
- Rank 5BSE
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/comparebroker/zerodha-vs-groww/18/173/ | Click here |
| 2 | ipocentral.in | https://ipocentral.in/groww-vs-zerodha-find-the-best-stock-broker-india/ | Click here |
| 3 | adigitalblogger.com | https://www.adigitalblogger.com/zerodha-vs-groww-stocks-charges/ | Click here |
| 4 | compareonlinebroker.com | https://www.compareonlinebroker.com/compare/zerodha-vs-groww | Click here |
| 5 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/compare-share-broker-india/zerodha-vs-groww/18/47/ | Click here |
| 6 | tradingsmartedge.com | https://tradingsmartedge.com/groww-vs-zerodha-comparison/ | Click here |
| 7 | zerodha.com | https://zerodha.com/charges/ | Click here |
| 8 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/brokerage_charges/groww/173/ | Click here |
| 9 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/brokerage_charges/zerodha/18/ | Click here |
| 10 | comparesharebrokers.com | https://comparesharebrokers.com/comparison/groww-vs-zerodha | Click here |
| 11 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/account-opening/resident-individual/ri-charges/articles/what-is-the-annual-maintenance-charge | Click here |
| 12 | stockcalc.in | https://stockcalc.in/calculator/brokerage/groww-brokerage-charges-2026 | Click here |
| 13 | paisatech.in | https://paisatech.in/groww-brokerage-charges/ | Click here |
| 14 | comparesharebrokers.com | https://comparesharebrokers.com/brokerage-charges/zerodha | Click here |
| 15 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/broker/brokerage-comparison/zerodha/groww | Click here |
Question 2.2
What is the tax on mutual fund returns in India?
The Income Tax Department ranks first, and the answer is a rate table, not a product. Long term gains on equity funds are taxed at 12.5 percent above an exemption of 1.25 lakh rupees, and short term at 20 percent.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Income Tax Dept
- Rank 2Groww
- Rank 3Zerodha
- Rank 4SEBI
- Rank 5CDSL
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cleartax.in | https://cleartax.in/s/different-mutual-funds-taxed | Click here |
| 2 | ujjivansfb.bank.in | https://www.ujjivansfb.bank.in/banking-blogs/mutual-funds/how-are-mutual-funds-taxed | Click here |
| 3 | anandrathi.com | https://anandrathi.com/blog/how-mutual-funds-are-taxed-in-india | Click here |
| 4 | icici.bank.in | https://www.icici.bank.in/personal-banking/blogs/investments/mutual-funds/capital-gain-on-mutual-fund | Click here |
| 5 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/taxation-in-mutual-funds | Click here |
| 6 | shriramamc.in | https://www.shriramamc.in/mf-taxation | Click here |
| 7 | edelweissmf.com | https://www.edelweissmf.com/investor-insights/mutual-fund-investment-tips-and-articles/mutual-fund-taxation | Click here |
| 8 | blinkx.in | https://blinkx.in/en/knowledge-base/mutual-fund/mutual-fund-taxation | Click here |
| 9 | bajajamc.com | https://www.bajajamc.com/knowledge-centre/common-things-to-know-about-ltcg-on-mutual-funds | Click here |
| 10 | scripbox.com | https://scripbox.com/mf/tax-on-mutual-funds/ | Click here |
| 11 | adityabirlacapital.com | https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/abc-of-money/how-are-mutual-funds-taxed | Click here |
| 12 | bajajamc.com | https://www.bajajamc.com/knowledge-centre/understanding-mutual-fund-taxation | Click here |
| 13 | shriramlife.com | https://www.shriramlife.com/blog/advice/how-to-calculate-tax-on-mutual-fund-redemption | Click here |
| 14 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/taxation-of-mutual-funds-for-nri-in-india | Click here |
| 15 | onepercentclub.io | https://www.onepercentclub.io/blog/mutual-fund-taxation-india/ | Click here |
Question 2.3
What are the demat account annual maintenance charges in India?
SEBI ranks first because maintenance charges are capped by its rules. A Basic Services Demat Account carries no annual charge below four lakh rupees of holdings, and no more than one hundred rupees up to ten lakh.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1SEBI
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Groww
- Rank 4Angel One
- Rank 5CDSL
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat-account/demat-account-charges | Click here |
| 2 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/what-is-the-account-maintenance-charges-in-demat-account | Click here |
| 3 | investorhelpdesk.in | https://investorhelpdesk.in/blog/demat-account-charges-explained/ | Click here |
| 4 | pocketful.in | https://www.pocketful.in/blog/demat/best-demat-accounts-in-india/ | Click here |
| 5 | pocketful.in | https://www.pocketful.in/blog/demat/demat-account-charges-comparison/ | Click here |
| 6 | shareindia.com | https://www.shareindia.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/what-are-amc-charges | Click here |
| 7 | adigitalblogger.com | https://www.adigitalblogger.com/demat-account/comparison-of-demat-account-charges/ | Click here |
| 8 | blinkx.in | https://blinkx.in/en/knowledge-base/demat-account/what-are-account-maintenance-charges-in-demat-account | Click here |
| 9 | lucknowlions.com | https://www.lucknowlions.com/blogs/latest/demat-account-lowest-brokerage-options-charges-india | Click here |
| 10 | zerodha.com | https://zerodha.com/charges/ | Click here |
| 11 | hdfcfund.com | https://www.hdfcfund.com/learn/blog/what-account-maintenance-charge-amc-demat-account | Click here |
| 12 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/lifetime-free-demat-account-amc-free | Click here |
| 13 | tribuneindia.com | https://www.tribuneindia.com/partner-exclusives/top-demat-accounts-offering-zero-maintenance-fees/ | Click here |
| 14 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/what-is-the-account-maintenance-charges-in-demat-account | Click here |
| 15 | investingpro.in | https://www.investingpro.in/demat-accounts/bsda-explained | Click here |
Question 2.4
How much tax do I pay on stock market profits in India?
The tax authority ranks first again, with both exchanges in the table because securities transaction tax is collected on trades. Bajaj Finserv takes two of the top three citations on a question about neither of its products.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Income Tax Dept
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Groww
- Rank 4NSE
- Rank 5BSE
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/taxes-on-stocks | Click here |
| 2 | jmfinancialservices.in | https://www.jmfinancialservices.in/blogs-and-articles/income-tax-on-share-trading-profit-in-india | Click here |
| 3 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/taxation-on-income-earned-from-selling-shares | Click here |
| 4 | finec.in | https://finec.in/stock-market-education/stock-market-tax-rules/ | Click here |
| 5 | indiafilings.com | https://www.indiafilings.com/learn/income-tax-on-shares | Click here |
| 6 | venturasecurities.com | https://www.venturasecurities.com/share-market-guide/taxes-on-stock-market-income/what-are-taxes-on-stocks-in-the-share-market/ | Click here |
| 7 | tax2win.in | https://tax2win.in/guide/calculate-capital-gains-tax-on-shares | Click here |
| 8 | zerodha.com | https://zerodha.com/charges/ | Click here |
| 9 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/account-opening/resident-individual/ri-charges/articles/how-is-the-securities-transaction-tax-stt-calculated | Click here |
| 10 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/what-is-stt | Click here |
| 11 | zerodha.com | https://zerodha.com/varsity/chapter/taxation-for-investors/ | Click here |
| 12 | axismaxlife.com | https://www.axismaxlife.com/blog/tax-savings/short-term-capital-gains-tax | Click here |
| 13 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/understanding-long-term-capital-gains-tax | Click here |
| 14 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/news/personal-finance/tax/can-share-trading-profits-be-taxed-as-both-business-income-and-capital-gains/article-189460/ | Click here |
| 15 | sharenox.com | https://www.sharenox.com/blog/Tax_Guide.html | Click here |
Question 2.5
Are there any hidden charges on investment apps in India?
A trust question, and the sharpest source in the report ranks third: a Value Research piece on the real cost hidden inside free investing apps. Groww ranks first while that article argues against the whole category.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Upstox
- Rank 4Angel One
- Rank 5SEBI
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | investingpro.in | https://www.investingpro.in/articles/upstox-vs-zerodha-vs-groww-brokerage-charges-and-hidden-fees-compared-2026 | Click here |
| 2 | holisticinvestment.in | https://www.holisticinvestment.in/the-hidden-price-of-free-investing-apps/ | Click here |
| 3 | valueresearchonline.com | https://www.valueresearchonline.com/stories/227806/price-of-free-the-real-cost-hidden-inside-free-investing-apps/ | Click here |
| 4 | tradebrains.in | https://tradebrains.in/money/7-lowest-brokerage-platforms-apps-in-india-2026-compare-fees-amc-and-hidden-charges/ | Click here |
| 5 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/learning-center/mutual-funds/hidden-charges-of-mutual-funds/article-422/ | Click here |
| 6 | groww.in | https://groww.in/pricing | Click here |
| 7 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/mutual-fund-fees-and-charges | Click here |
| 8 | mstock.com | https://www.mstock.com/articles/types-of-mutual-fund-charges-in-india | Click here |
| 9 | navia.co.in | https://navia.co.in/blog/what-is-zero-brokerage/ | Click here |
| 10 | finnovate.in | https://www.finnovate.in/learn/blog/zero-brokerage-good-for-investors-india | Click here |
| 11 | shriramfinance.in | https://www.shriramfinance.in/investments/articles/cost-of-investing-types-of-fees-commissions-and-charges-explained | Click here |
| 12 | stockcalc.in | https://stockcalc.in/blog/stock-broker-charges-india-2026 | Click here |
| 13 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/compare/angel-one-vs-zerodha-vs-groww/14/18/47/ | Click here |
| 14 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/mutual-fund/mutual-fund-charges-and-fees | Click here |
| 15 | policybazaar.com | https://www.policybazaar.com/mutual-funds/mutual-fund-charges/ | Click here |
Category 3 of 5
Opening an account and KYC
This category covers getting an account open. The five questions ask what documents are needed, how long KYC takes, whether a PAN card is mandatory, whether an NRI can open an account, and how mutual fund KYC works.
Top 5 brands
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 52.0% | |
| 2 | SEBI | Regulator | 48.0% | |
| 3 | ICICI Direct | Full service broker | 36.0% | |
| 4 | Angel One | Discount broker | 36.0% | |
| 5 | Groww | Discount broker | 32.0% |
Top 10 cited domains
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | angelone.in | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 2 | bajajbroking.in | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 3 | icicidirect.com | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 4 | bajajfinservmarkets.in | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 5 | camsonline.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 6 | gclbroking.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 7 | groww.in | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 8 | hdfcfund.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 9 | hdfcsky.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 10 | indiainfoline.com | 3 | 4.0% |
Question level summary
| # | Question | Top 5 brands | Top 5 citation domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | What documents are needed to open a demat account in India? |
|
|
| 3.2 | How long does demat account KYC take in India? |
|
|
| 3.3 | Can I open a demat account without a PAN card in India? |
|
|
| 3.4 | Can an NRI open a demat account in India? |
|
|
| 3.5 | How do I do my mutual fund KYC in India? |
|
|
Question 3.1
What documents are needed to open a demat account in India?
Angel One ranks first with its own documents page as the top citation. The rest of the fifteen are mostly smaller brokers, which is what happens when a question has one dull correct answer.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Angel One
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Groww
- Rank 4ICICI Direct
- Rank 5SEBI
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat-account/documents-required | Click here |
| 2 | jainam.in | https://www.jainam.in/blog/documents-required-for-demat-account/ | Click here |
| 3 | gclbroking.com | https://gclbroking.com/open-demat-account/documents-required/ | Click here |
| 4 | incredmoney.com | https://www.incredmoney.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/documents-required-for-opening-a-demat-account-complete-checklist-and-eligibility-guide/ | Click here |
| 5 | sbisecurities.in | https://www.sbisecurities.in/blog/documents-required-for-demat-account-opening | Click here |
| 6 | sharekhan.com | https://www.sharekhan.com/financial-blog/blogs/documents-required-to-open-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 7 | mstock.com | https://www.mstock.com/articles/documents-required-to-open-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 8 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/documents-required-to-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 9 | hdfcfund.com | https://www.hdfcfund.com/learn/blog/know-documents-required-open-demat-account-online | Click here |
| 10 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/eligibility-criteria-for-demat-account | Click here |
| 11 | icicidirect.com | https://icicidirect.com/ilearn/stocks/articles/documents-required-to-open-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 12 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/account-opening/resident-individual/ri-online/articles/what-documents-do-i-need-to-open-an-account | Click here |
| 13 | shareindia.com | https://www.shareindia.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/documents-required-to-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 14 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/documents-required-to-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 15 | bajajfinservmarkets.in | https://www.bajajfinservmarkets.in/demat/kyc-norms-for-demat-account | Click here |
Question 3.2
How long does demat account KYC take in India?
HDFC Sky ranks third on a question about how long KYC takes, and its own page takes the top citation. A bank owned platform is answering a question the discount brokers get asked far more often.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3HDFC Sky
- Rank 4Angel One
- Rank 5Upstox
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/demat-account/how-long-does-it-take-to-open-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 2 | hdfcfund.com | https://www.hdfcfund.com/learn/blog/how-much-time-does-it-take-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 3 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/blog/how-long-does-it-take-to-open-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 4 | bajajfinservmarkets.in | https://www.bajajfinservmarkets.in/demat/time-to-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 5 | plindia.com | https://www.plindia.com/blogs/demat-account-kyc/ | Click here |
| 6 | univest.in | https://univest.in/blogs/demat-account-opening-online-guide-2026 | Click here |
| 7 | shriramfinance.in | https://www.shriramfinance.in/articles/investments/2026/how-to-open-a-demat-account-step-by-step | Click here |
| 8 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/your-zerodha-account/your-profile/kyc-re-activation/articles/what-is-know-your-customer-kyc-how-can-i-check-my-kyc-status | Click here |
| 9 | groww.in | https://groww.in/help/stocks,-f&o,-ipo-&-mtf/sx-demat-account/why-is-my-stocks-account-activation-delayed--11 | Click here |
| 10 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/account-opening/groww/47/ | Click here |
| 11 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/faq_pg/how-long-does-it-take-to-open-an-account-with-groww/2802/ | Click here |
| 12 | axis.bank.in | https://www.axis.bank.in/blogs/demat-trading/how-to-complete-kyc-in-demat-account | Click here |
| 13 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/ilearn/account-opening/articles/demat-account-kyc | Click here |
| 14 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat-account/how-to-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 15 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/open-demat-account/ | Click here |
Question 3.3
Can I open a demat account without a PAN card in India?
SEBI ranks first because the answer is a rule, not a feature. A PAN card is mandatory for a demat account, with a narrow exemption for small mutual fund investments under a separate reference number.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1SEBI
- Rank 2HDFC Sky
- Rank 3ICICI Direct
- Rank 45paisa
- Rank 5NSDL
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/demat-account/can-i-open-demat-account-without-pan-card | Click here |
| 2 | jainam.in | https://www.jainam.in/blog/open-a-demat-account-without-a-pan-card/ | Click here |
| 3 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/ilearn/stocks/articles/can-a-demat-account-be-opened-without-a-pan-card | Click here |
| 4 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/knowledge-center/can-a-demat-account-be-opened-without-pan-card | Click here |
| 5 | 5paisa.com | https://www.5paisa.com/stock-market-guide/demat/can-a-demat-account-be-opened-without-pan-card | Click here |
| 6 | 5paisa.com | https://www.5paisa.com/demat-account/can-a-demat-account-be-opened-without-pan-card | Click here |
| 7 | hdfcfund.com | https://www.hdfcfund.com/learn/blog/open-demat-account-without-pan-card-complete-guide | Click here |
| 8 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/can-you-open-a-demat-account-without-a-pan-number | Click here |
| 9 | torusdigital.com | https://www.torusdigital.com/toruscope/demat-account/how-to-open-demat-account-without-pan-card/ | Click here |
| 10 | plindia.com | https://www.plindia.com/blogs/how-to-open-a-demat-account-without-pan-card/ | Click here |
| 11 | bigul.co | https://bigul.co/blog/stock-market/why-pan-card-is-mandatory-for-demat-accounts-mutual-funds-and-stock-market-investing | Click here |
| 12 | fisdom.com | https://www.fisdom.com/can-a-demat-account-be-opened-without-a-pan-card/ | Click here |
| 13 | bajajfinservmarkets.in | https://www.bajajfinservmarkets.in/demat/demat-account-without-pan-card.amp | Click here |
| 14 | gclbroking.com | https://gclbroking.com/open-demat-account/documents-required/ | Click here |
| 15 | marketinsightsindia.in | https://marketinsightsindia.in/demat-account-without-pan-is-it-possible-in-india/ | Click here |
Question 3.4
Can an NRI open a demat account in India?
The RBI ranks third on a broking question, because NRI accounts run through its rules. The repatriable route needs the Portfolio Investment Scheme; the non repatriable route does not, a distinction most sources blur.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Zerodha
- Rank 2ICICI Direct
- Rank 3RBI
- Rank 4SEBI
- Rank 5Angel One
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | zerodha.com | https://zerodha.com/open-account/nri/ | Click here |
| 2 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/services/nri-service/articles/are-you-an-nri--here-is-how-you-can-open-a-demat-account/17745 | Click here |
| 3 | axis.bank.in | https://www.axis.bank.in/blogs/demat-trading/can-nri-open-demat-account | Click here |
| 4 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/blog/nri-demat-account-in-india | Click here |
| 5 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/can-nri-hold-a-demat-account-in-india | Click here |
| 6 | gclbroking.com | https://gclbroking.com/open-demat-account/demat-account-for-nri/ | Click here |
| 7 | savetaxs.com | https://savetaxs.com/blog/demat-account-for-nris | Click here |
| 8 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat-account/how-to-open-nri-demat-and-trading-accounts | Click here |
| 9 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/learning-center/nri/demat-account-for-nri/article-951/ | Click here |
| 10 | sbisecurities.in | https://www.sbisecurities.in/open-nri-investment-account | Click here |
| 11 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/normal-demat-account-vs-nri-demat-account | Click here |
| 12 | jmfinancialservices.in | https://www.jmfinancialservices.in/blogs-and-articles/can-nri-hold-a-demat-account-in-india | Click here |
| 13 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/compare-nri-accounts/icicidirect-vs-zerodha/1/18/ | Click here |
| 14 | wise.com | https://wise.com/in/blog/zerodha-nri-account | Click here |
| 15 | anandrathi.com | https://anandrathi.com/ar-finshala/demat-account/demat-account-for-nris-investing-in-india | Click here |
Question 3.5
How do I do my mutual fund KYC in India?
CAMS ranks first, its only appearance in the report, with three of the fifteen citations on its own domain. KYC is run by registrars and KYC agencies, so the apps are simply not part of this answer.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1CAMS
- Rank 2SEBI
- Rank 3KFintech
- Rank 4CVL KRA
- Rank 5Angel One
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | camsonline.com | https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Transactions/KYC/KYC-Status | Click here |
| 2 | icici.bank.in | https://www.icici.bank.in/personal-banking/investments/mutual-funds/cvl-guidelines | Click here |
| 3 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/mutual-fund/how-to-do-mutual-fund-kyc | Click here |
| 4 | icici.bank.in | https://www.icici.bank.in/blogs/mutual-fund/mutual-fund-kyc | Click here |
| 5 | hyperverge.co | https://hyperverge.co/blog/kyc-for-mutual-funds/ | Click here |
| 6 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/mutual-fund-kyc | Click here |
| 7 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/mutual-funds/mutual-fund-kyc | Click here |
| 8 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/blog/personal-finance/mutual-fund-kyc-what-are-the-documents-required | Click here |
| 9 | mfs.kfintech.com | https://mfs.kfintech.com/investor/general/pankycvalidate | Click here |
| 10 | camsonline.com | https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Service-requests/KYC | Click here |
| 11 | camsonline.com | https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Transactions/KYC/Paper-less-KYC | Click here |
| 12 | cvlkra.com | https://www.cvlkra.com/kycpaninquiry.aspx | Click here |
| 13 | kotak.bank.in | https://www.kotak.bank.in/en/stories-in-focus/mutual-funds/mutual-fund-kyc.html | Click here |
| 14 | mf.nipponindiaim.com | https://mf.nipponindiaim.com/investoreducation/steps-to-change-kyc-for-mutual-fund | Click here |
| 15 | camskra.com | https://www.camskra.com/ | Click here |
Category 4 of 5
Investing in funds, stocks and gold
This category covers actually investing. The five questions ask how to start a SIP, how to buy stocks online, how to invest in digital gold, how to buy US stocks, and the minimum amount needed to start.
Top 5 brands
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Groww | Discount broker | 72.0% | |
| 2 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 48.0% | |
| 3 | SEBI | Regulator | 32.0% | |
| 4 | Upstox | Discount broker | 20.0% | |
| 5 | MMTC-PAMP | Gold platform | 20.0% |
Top 10 cited domains
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | 6 | 8.0% | |
| 2 | angelone.in | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 3 | indmoney.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 4 | kotakneo.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 5 | vestedfinance.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 6 | bajajfinserv.in | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 7 | decentro.tech | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 8 | edelweissmf.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 9 | forbes.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | hdfcsky.com | 2 | 2.7% |
Question level summary
| # | Question | Top 5 brands | Top 5 citation domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.1 | How do I start a SIP in India? |
|
|
| 4.2 | How do I buy stocks online in India? |
|
|
| 4.3 | How do I invest in digital gold in India? |
|
|
| 4.4 | How do I invest in US stocks from India? |
|
|
| 4.5 | What is the minimum amount to start investing in India? |
|
|
Question 4.1
How do I start a SIP in India?
Groww ranks first and its own guide takes the top citation. Five fund houses appear in the fifteen, which is unusual: for SIPs the manufacturers compete with the distributors for the same answer.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Paytm Money
- Rank 4ET Money
- Rank 5ICICI Direct
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/how-to-invest-in-sip | Click here |
| 2 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/mutual-funds/products/sip | Click here |
| 3 | federal.bank.in | https://www.federal.bank.in/banking-bytes/personal-finance/how-to-start-sip-in-2026 | Click here |
| 4 | pgimindia.com | https://www.pgimindia.com/mutual-funds/learn-more/how-to-start-sip-in-india-step-by-step-guide | Click here |
| 5 | yourfinances.in | https://yourfinances.in/how-to-start-sip-india | Click here |
| 6 | miraeassetmf.co.in | https://www.miraeassetmf.co.in/knowledge-center/how-to-open-sip-account-online | Click here |
| 7 | icici.bank.in | https://www.icici.bank.in/blogs/sip/how-to-start-investing-in-sip-mutual-funds | Click here |
| 8 | tatacapitalmoneyfy.com | https://www.tatacapitalmoneyfy.com/blog/sip/how-to-invest-in-sip-2/ | Click here |
| 9 | tataaia.com | https://www.tataaia.com/blogs/financial-planning/a-step-by-step-guide-how-to-start-sips-and-mutual-fund-investments.html | Click here |
| 10 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/mutual-funds/starting-an-sip/articles/how-to-start-an-sip-on-coin | Click here |
| 11 | help.zerodhafundhouse.com | https://help.zerodhafundhouse.com/support/solutions/articles/84000390319-investing-through-groww | Click here |
| 12 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/mutual-funds/features-on-coin/systematic-investment-plan/articles/sip-coin-app | Click here |
| 13 | tatacapitalmoneyfy.com | https://www.tatacapitalmoneyfy.com/mutual-funds/starting-sip-at-500 | Click here |
| 14 | decentro.tech | https://decentro.tech/blog/mutual-fund-investment-apps/ | Click here |
| 15 | investingpro.in | https://www.investingpro.in/articles/how-to-start-sip-500-rupees-guide | Click here |
Question 4.2
How do I buy stocks online in India?
The most ordinary question in the report, and the ranking is simply the market order. Groww, Zerodha, Upstox and Angel One take four of five slots, and SEBI takes the fifth as the body that licenses them.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Upstox
- Rank 4Angel One
- Rank 5SEBI
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/how-to-buy-stocks-online | Click here |
| 2 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/learning-center/share-market/how-to-buy-stocks-online-in-india-steps-and-process/article-1448/ | Click here |
| 3 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/knowledge-center/how-to-buy-shares-online-in-india | Click here |
| 4 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/how-to-buy-shares | Click here |
| 5 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/share-market/how-to-buy-shares-online-in-india | Click here |
| 6 | forbes.com | https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/investing/how-to-buy-stocks/ | Click here |
| 7 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/share-market/how-to-buy-sell-shares-online-in-india | Click here |
| 8 | valueresearchonline.com | https://www.valueresearchonline.com/learn/stocks/open-demat-account-india-buy-first-stock-step-by-step-guide/ | Click here |
| 9 | hdfcfund.com | https://www.hdfcfund.com/learn/blog/how-open-demat-account-india-step-step-guide-new-investors | Click here |
| 10 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/demat-account/how-to-buy-sell-shares-through-demat-account | Click here |
| 11 | equentis.com | https://www.equentis.com/blog/top-10-best-trading-apps/ | Click here |
| 12 | investorgain.com | https://www.investorgain.com/compare/angel-one-vs-upstox-vs-groww/14/33/47/ | Click here |
| 13 | adityabirlacapital.com | https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/abc-of-money/buying-shares-online | Click here |
| 14 | coinswitch.co | https://coinswitch.co/switch/indian-stocks/how-to-buy-stocks-online/ | Click here |
| 15 | forbesindia.com | https://www.forbesindia.com/article/upfront/brand-connect/what-is-a-demat-account-and-how-to-open-one-in-2026-a-beginners-guide/2990105/1 | Click here |
Question 4.3
How do I invest in digital gold in India?
No investment app ranks first here. MMTC-PAMP, a gold refiner, takes rank one and SEBI second, because SEBI cautioned in November 2025 that digital gold is not a security and sits outside its remit.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1MMTC-PAMP
- Rank 2SEBI
- Rank 3SafeGold
- Rank 4PhonePe
- Rank 5Paytm
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mmtcpamp.com | https://www.mmtcpamp.com/digital-gold | Click here |
| 2 | muthootfinance.com | https://www.muthootfinance.com/blog/digital-gold-investment-india | Click here |
| 3 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/holding-digital-gold-sebi-issues-warning | Click here |
| 4 | forbes.com | https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/investing/gold/how-to-invest-in-digital-gold/ | Click here |
| 5 | mmtcpamp.com | https://www.mmtcpamp.com/blog/blog-detail/understanding-the-process-how-to-buy-digital-gold | Click here |
| 6 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/research/equity/finace/understanding-sebi-s-warning-on-digital-gold-investments | Click here |
| 7 | safegold.com | https://www.safegold.com/blog/digital-gold/digital-gold-regulation-2026/ | Click here |
| 8 | gripinvest.in | https://www.gripinvest.in/blog/digital-gold-investment | Click here |
| 9 | tickertape.in | https://www.tickertape.in/blog/digital-gold-vs-gold-etf-vs-sgb/ | Click here |
| 10 | caratlane.com | https://www.caratlane.com/blog/how-to-invest-in-digital-gold/ | Click here |
| 11 | decentro.tech | https://decentro.tech/blog/gold-investment-apps/ | Click here |
| 12 | techlusive.in | https://www.techlusive.in/how-to/how-to-buy-digital-gold-online-from-paytm-phonepe-and-google-pay-1529192/ | Click here |
| 13 | blog.oropocket.com | https://blog.oropocket.com/digital-gold-providers-in-india-compared-safegold-vs-mmtc-pamp-vs-augmont/ | Click here |
| 14 | kotakneo.com | https://www.kotakneo.com/news/market-news/sebi-warning-digital-gold-investment-risks/ | Click here |
| 15 | jupiter.money | https://jupiter.money/blog/best-platform-for-digital-gold/ | Click here |
Question 4.4
How do I invest in US stocks from India?
A different field again. INDmoney and Vested rank one and two, two platforms built only for this. The RBI ranks fourth because the Liberalised Remittance Scheme caps sending at 250,000 dollars a year.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1INDmoney
- Rank 2Vested
- Rank 3Groww
- Rank 4RBI
- Rank 5Motilal Oswal
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/how-to-invest-in-us-stocks-from-india | Click here |
| 2 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/us-stocks | Click here |
| 3 | vestedfinance.com | https://vestedfinance.com/in/us-stocks/ | Click here |
| 4 | hdfcsec.com | https://www.hdfcsec.com/globalinvesting | Click here |
| 5 | motilaloswal.com | https://www.motilaloswal.com/us-stocks | Click here |
| 6 | edelweissmf.com | https://www.edelweissmf.com/investor-insights/mutual-fund-investment-tips-and-articles/how-to-invest-in-us-stocks-through-mutual-funds | Click here |
| 7 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/learn/us-stocks/what-is-lrs-liberalised-remittance-scheme | Click here |
| 8 | tickertape.in | https://www.tickertape.in/blog/liberalised-remittance-scheme/ | Click here |
| 9 | vestedfinance.com | https://vestedfinance.com/blog/us-stocks/what-is-the-liberalised-remittance-scheme/ | Click here |
| 10 | kotakneo.com | https://www.kotakneo.com/investing-guide/share-market/how-to-invest-in-us-stocks-from-india/ | Click here |
| 11 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/learning-center/personal-finance/taxation-of-foreign-stocks-in-india/article-1793/ | Click here |
| 12 | winvesta.in | https://www.winvesta.in/blog/investors/best-platforms-for-indians-to-invest-in-us-etfs-2026-comparison | Click here |
| 13 | vestedfinance.com | https://vestedfinance.com/in/blog/how-to-invest-in-nasdaq-from-india/ | Click here |
| 14 | investingintheweb.com | https://investingintheweb.com/brokers/best-apps-invest-us-stocks-india/ | Click here |
| 15 | aequitasindia.in | https://www.aequitasindia.in/blog/how-to-invest-in-us-stocks-from-india/ | Click here |
Question 4.5
What is the minimum amount to start investing in India?
The answer is a few hundred rupees. Most fund houses take a hundred to five hundred a month, and a wave of sachet products has put 250 rupee monthly plans on the market. Groww ranks first.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3SEBI
- Rank 4Upstox
- Rank 5Angel One
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hdfcsky.com | https://hdfcsky.com/sky-learn/share-trading/minimum-amount-to-start-trading | Click here |
| 2 | motilaloswal.com | https://www.motilaloswal.com/learning-centre/2026/7/minimum-amount-to-invest-in-stock-market | Click here |
| 3 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/mutual-funds-minimum-investment-100-very-low-minimum-amount | Click here |
| 4 | icici.bank.in | https://www.icici.bank.in/personal-banking/blogs/investments/mutual-funds/mutual-funds-minimum-investment | Click here |
| 5 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/mutual-funds/mutual-funds-minimum-investment | Click here |
| 6 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/minimum-amount-to-invest-in-mutual-funds | Click here |
| 7 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/online-share-trading/how-much-money-do-i-need-to-start-trading-stocks-in-india | Click here |
| 8 | 5paisa.com | https://www.5paisa.com/stock-market-guide/stock-share-market/minimum-investment-in-share-market | Click here |
| 9 | edelweissmf.com | https://www.edelweissmf.com/investor-insights/mutual-fund-investment-tips-and-articles/what-is-minimum-investment-for-mutual-fund | Click here |
| 10 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/blog/stocks/mutual-funds-minimum-investment-amount | Click here |
| 11 | kotakneo.com | https://www.kotakneo.com/investing-guide/mutual-funds/what-is-the-minimum-amount-of-money-i-can-invest-in-a-mutual-fund/ | Click here |
| 12 | groww.in | https://groww.in/pricing | Click here |
| 13 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/trading-account/how-much-money-do-i-need-to-start-trading-stocks-in-india | Click here |
| 14 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/broker/compare/groww/zerodha/upstox | Click here |
| 15 | lemonn.co.in | https://lemonn.co.in/faqs/how-much-money-is-needed-to-start-stock-market-investing | Click here |
Category 5 of 5
Safety, withdrawals and problems
This category covers what happens when things go wrong. The five questions ask whether money is safe, how to withdraw it, what happens if a broker shuts down, how to complain, and how to close a demat account.
Top 5 brands
| # | Brand | Type | Visibility | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SEBI | Regulator | 52.0% | |
| 2 | Groww | Discount broker | 52.0% | |
| 3 | Zerodha | Discount broker | 48.0% | |
| 4 | CDSL | Depository | 36.0% | |
| 5 | Angel One | Discount broker | 24.0% |
Top 10 cited domains
| # | Domain | Citations | Share | Citation volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | support.zerodha.com | 6 | 8.0% | |
| 2 | bajajfinserv.in | 5 | 6.7% | |
| 3 | groww.in | 5 | 6.7% | |
| 4 | angelone.in | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 5 | indiainfoline.com | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 6 | nseindia.com | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 7 | select.finology.in | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 8 | chittorgarh.com | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 9 | bseindia.com | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | indmoney.com | 2 | 2.7% |
Question level summary
| # | Question | Top 5 brands | Top 5 citation domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | Is my money safe with an investment app in India? |
|
|
| 5.2 | How do I withdraw money from an investment app in India? |
|
|
| 5.3 | What happens to my shares if a broker shuts down in India? |
|
|
| 5.4 | How do I complain about a broker in India? |
|
|
| 5.5 | How do I close my demat account in India? |
|
|
Question 5.1
Is my money safe with an investment app in India?
SEBI ranks first on a trust question, and its own press release on the verified label for broker apps takes the second citation. That label launched in March 2026 and now badges hundreds of apps on the Play Store.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1SEBI
- Rank 2Groww
- Rank 3Zerodha
- Rank 4CDSL
- Rank 5AMFI
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/safe-invest-mutual-fund-apps | Click here |
| 2 | sebi.gov.in | https://www.sebi.gov.in/media-and-notifications/press-releases/mar-2026/chairman-sebi-today-launched-an-important-investor-protection-measure-in-the-form-of-verified-label-for-stock-trading-apps-of-brokers-registered-with-sebi-on-google-play-store_100616.html | Click here |
| 3 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/articles/broker/is-groww-safe-to-invest | Click here |
| 4 | brokerchooser.com | https://brokerchooser.com/broker-reviews/zerodha-review/zerodha-scam | Click here |
| 5 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/articles/broker/is-zerodha-safe | Click here |
| 6 | indiabonds.com | https://www.indiabonds.com/bonduni/blogs/best-investment-app-in-india | Click here |
| 7 | lendenclub.com | https://www.lendenclub.com/blog/best-investment-apps/ | Click here |
| 8 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/investment-app | Click here |
| 9 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/faq_pg/is-groww-app-safe-for-mutual-funds/3653/ | Click here |
| 10 | univest.in | https://univest.in/blogs/demat-account-security-india-2026-2 | Click here |
| 11 | lemonn.co.in | https://lemonn.co.in/blog/finance/safe-broker-checklist-india/ | Click here |
| 12 | nseindia.com | https://www.nseindia.com/static/complaints/investor-protection-fund-trust | Click here |
| 13 | bseindia.com | https://www.bseindia.com/static/investors/Claim_against_Defaulter.aspx | Click here |
| 14 | motilaloswal.com | https://www.motilaloswal.com/learning-centre/2026/2/mutual-fund-regulations-in-india-who-watches-your-money | Click here |
| 15 | dspim.com | https://www.dspim.com/knowledge-hub/personal-finance-guide/is-mutual-funds-safe-the-honest-answer-for-indian-investors | Click here |
Question 5.2
How do I withdraw money from an investment app in India?
A pure how to question, and the apps own it. Groww takes the top two citations and Zerodha the next two, all from their own help centres. The fifth is another app's blog.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Groww
- Rank 2Zerodha
- Rank 3Angel One
- Rank 4Upstox
- Rank 5INDmoney
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/how-can-you-withdraw-money-from-groww-balance | Click here |
| 2 | groww.in | https://groww.in/help/my-account/payments/how-do-i-withdraw-money-from-my-groww-account-2 | Click here |
| 3 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/funds/fund-withdrawal/withdrawal-process/articles/how-do-i-withdraw-money-from-my-trading-account | Click here |
| 4 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/funds/fund-withdrawal/withdrawal-process/articles/instant-fund-withdrawal | Click here |
| 5 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/blog/us-stocks/how-to-withdraw-money-from-us-stocks-account | Click here |
| 6 | shareindia.com | https://www.shareindia.com/faqs/how-can-i-withdraw-money-from-my-share-india-account | Click here |
| 7 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/support/add-and-withdraw-funds/withdraw-funds | Click here |
| 8 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/intraday-trading/funds-payout-explained | Click here |
| 9 | upstox.com | https://upstox.com/announcements/updates/important-update-on-fund-withdrawals/ | Click here |
| 10 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/how-to-transfer-money-from-demat-account-to-bank-account | Click here |
| 11 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/mutual-fund-redemption | Click here |
| 12 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/funds/fund-withdrawal/withdrawal-process/articles/fund-withdrawal-not-instant | Click here |
| 13 | kite.trade | https://kite.trade/docs/kite/funds/ | Click here |
| 14 | indusind.bank.in | https://www.indusind.bank.in/iblogs/investment/simple-steps-to-withdraw-money-from-mutual-funds/ | Click here |
| 15 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/investments/how-to-withdraw-money-from-mutual-funds | Click here |
Question 5.3
What happens to my shares if a broker shuts down in India?
The two depositories rank first and second, which is the correct answer: shares sit with CDSL or NSDL, not with the broker. The exchange investor protection fund covers eligible claims up to 35 lakh rupees.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1CDSL
- Rank 2NSDL
- Rank 3SEBI
- Rank 4NSE
- Rank 5BSE
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | truedata.in | https://www.truedata.in/blog/what-happens-if-your-stockbroker-shuts-down | Click here |
| 2 | icicidirect.com | https://www.icicidirect.com/ilearn/stocks/articles/what-happen-if-stock-broker-shut-down | Click here |
| 3 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/what-happens-if-your-stockbroker-shuts-down | Click here |
| 4 | groww.in | https://groww.in/blog/what-happens-if-your-stockbroker-shuts-down | Click here |
| 5 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/share-market/what-happens-to-my-shares-if-my-dp-shuts-down | Click here |
| 6 | indmoney.com | https://www.indmoney.com/blog/what-happens-if-your-stockbroker-goes-bankrupt-in-india | Click here |
| 7 | pocketful.in | https://www.pocketful.in/blog/what-happens-if-a-stockbroker-shuts-down/ | Click here |
| 8 | lemonn.co.in | https://lemonn.co.in/blog/finance/stockbroker-shuts-down-protecting-assets/ | Click here |
| 9 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/trading-and-markets/trading-faqs/general/articles/what-happens-to-funds-and-holdings-if-stockbroker-defaults | Click here |
| 10 | sebi.gov.in | https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/commondocs/pt1b2c_h.html | Click here |
| 11 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/mutual-funds/what-is-investor-protection-fund-ipf-customer-protection-fund-cpf-at-stock-exchanges | Click here |
| 12 | businesstoday.in | https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstories/news/what-if-your-broker-goes-bust-the-little-known-rescue-plan-that-saves-your-demat-wealth-229940-01-05-2025 | Click here |
| 13 | moneylife.in | https://www.moneylife.in/article/nse-expels-karvy-stock-broking-declares-it-as-defaulter/62168.html | Click here |
| 14 | business-standard.com | https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/pf/karvy-crisis-what-clients-should-do-with-holdings-in-their-demat-accounts-119112701514_1.html | Click here |
| 15 | investingpro.in | https://www.investingpro.in/articles/how-to-check-demat-account-holdings-cas-statement | Click here |
Question 5.4
How do I complain about a broker in India?
No broker ranks at all. SEBI, its SCORES portal, the two exchanges and the SMART ODR platform take every slot, and the top four citations are regulator and exchange pages rather than anything a broker wrote.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1SEBI
- Rank 2SCORES portal
- Rank 3NSE
- Rank 4BSE
- Rank 5SMART ODR
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scores.sebi.gov.in | https://scores.sebi.gov.in/scores-home | Click here |
| 2 | nseindia.com | https://www.nseindia.com/static/complaints/file-a-complaint-online | Click here |
| 3 | scores.sebi.gov.in | https://scores.sebi.gov.in/ | Click here |
| 4 | smartodr.in | https://smartodr.in/ | Click here |
| 5 | bseindia.com | https://www.bseindia.com/static/investors/cac_tm.aspx | Click here |
| 6 | investor.sebi.gov.in | https://investor.sebi.gov.in/securities-resolvedispute.html | Click here |
| 7 | support.fyers.in | https://support.fyers.in/portal/en/kb/articles/how-do-i-file-a-complaint-against-a-stock-broker | Click here |
| 8 | motilaloswal.com | https://www.motilaloswal.com/learning-centre/2024/7/how-to-file-an-online-complaint-against-your-stock-broker | Click here |
| 9 | investorhelpline.nseindia.com | https://investorhelpline.nseindia.com/NICEPLUS/ | Click here |
| 10 | nseindia.com | https://www.nseindia.com/complaints/complaint-at-exchange | Click here |
| 11 | investor.sebi.gov.in | https://investor.sebi.gov.in/smart_orr.html | Click here |
| 12 | nseindia.com | https://www.nseindia.com/static/complaints/online-dispute-resolution | Click here |
| 13 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/your-zerodha-account/your-profile/ticket-creation/articles/sebi-s-online-dispute-resolution | Click here |
| 14 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/faq_pg/where-to-complaint-against-stock-broker/5297/ | Click here |
| 15 | nseclearing.in | https://www.nseclearing.in/file-online-complaint-sebi-scores | Click here |
Question 5.5
How do I close my demat account in India?
Closing an account brings the brokers back, because it is done through them. Zerodha ranks first and Groww second, and Groww's own account closure form, a PDF, makes the citation list at rank fourteen.
Top 5 brands named
- Rank 1Zerodha
- Rank 2Groww
- Rank 3Angel One
- Rank 4CDSL
- Rank 5NSDL
Top 15 citations
| # | Citation domain | Citation URL | Actual page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | support.zerodha.com | https://support.zerodha.com/category/your-zerodha-account/your-profile/general-profile-questions/articles/how-do-i-close-my-zerodha-account | Click here |
| 2 | groww.in | https://groww.in/help/stocks,-f&o,-ipo-&-mtf/sx-demat-account/i-want-to-close-my-groww-demat-account | Click here |
| 3 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/support/your-account/account-closure | Click here |
| 4 | religareonline.com | https://www.religareonline.com/blog/how-to-close-demat-account/ | Click here |
| 5 | choiceindia.com | https://choiceindia.com/blog/how-to-close-a-demat-account | Click here |
| 6 | indiainfoline.com | https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/demat-account/how-to-close-your-demat-account | Click here |
| 7 | angelone.in | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/demat-account/how-to-close-demat-account-online | Click here |
| 8 | bajajfinserv.in | https://www.bajajfinserv.in/how-to-close-demat-account-online | Click here |
| 9 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/articles/broker/how-to-close-demat-account | Click here |
| 10 | anandrathi.com | https://anandrathi.com/ar-finshala/demat-account/how-to-close-demat-account-online | Click here |
| 11 | bajajbroking.in | https://www.bajajbroking.in/knowledge-center/how-to-close-demat-account-online | Click here |
| 12 | chittorgarh.com | https://www.chittorgarh.com/article/zerodha-account-closure-process-deactivation/540/ | Click here |
| 13 | select.finology.in | https://select.finology.in/articles/broker/how-to-delete-angel-one-account | Click here |
| 14 | resources.groww.in | https://resources.groww.in/wp-assets/forms/equity-demat-trading-account-closure-form.pdf | Click here |
| 15 | kotakneo.com | https://www.kotakneo.com/investing-guide/demat-account/how-to-close-demat-account/ | Click here |
Conclusion
This report is a snapshot. AI engines refresh their sources every week, and the brands that move first tend to hold the top spot. Those 375 citations came from 162 domains and 95 were cited once. Groww's own site leads with 19 citations, just five percent, so no publisher owns this answer space.
Read next
The rest of this programme, in the order it makes sense to read.